Silica (quartz) sand, used in construction, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), glassmaking, ceramics and metallurgy has one important property: Its moisture content. The level of moisture can impact its performance and use severely either negatively or positively. Here we take a look at how moisture is maintained in silica sand and why it matters.
Moisture Maintenance and Preservation
As soon as silica sand is mined from the earth, it begins to either lose or gain moisture through exposure to atmospheric conditions. To maintain consistent moisture levels, the sand is usually stockpiled in large piles at extraction sites. Proper pile management techniques help preserve the natural moisture levels.
The piles are shaped to allow for good drainage and shelter from direct rain and sun. Sometimes, the piles may even be covered to further control moisture levels. Regular testing ensures the moisture contents remain within acceptable ranges for customers’ needs.
For transported sand, moisture control continues to be crucial. During long-haul shipping, exposure to weather can cause fluctuations. Sealed containers and covered vessels are employed to minimize moisture variation due to rain, waves and wind. Real-time tracking technologies provide visibility into conditions to help stabilize moisture transportation.
Impact of Moisture on Usage
- The ideal moisture level depends on the application of the silica sand. For example:
- Construction – Generally 2-4% moisture is preferred for uses like concrete, asphalt and mortar. Higher moisture can negatively impact mixing and setting.
- Fracking – Very low moisture levels under 1% are required so the proppant works effectively down oil/gas wells.
- Glassmaking – Around 0.5% moisture maximizes glass purity and viscosity. Higher amounts introduce defects.
- Foundries – Up to 2% moisture allows for good casting capabilities in metallurgy.
- Ceramics – 1-3% moisture enhances workability for pottery, tile and other clay processes.
Too little or too much moisture can result in quality issues, lower productivity or additional drying/processing costs.
So keeping silica sand within industry-optimized moisture specifications is vital for a smooth supply chain.
Some of the techniques used to regulate moisture in silica sand includes but are not limited to:
- Vacuumed 1-tonne bags: Moisture control starts at extraction sites. Sand is often packaged in large 1-tonne bags that are vacuum-sealed before sealing. This removes excess air and moisture trapped within, locking in the optimal moisture level.
- Drying shelters: Some mining companies have sizable drying and storage shelters where freshly mined sand can be spread out in layers up to 10 feet deep. Perforated floors allow hot air to circulate and dry the sand gradually over days, precisely controlling moisture.
- Tarpaulin covering: During rail or ship transport, exposed sand risks moisture variation. Tarps securely cover rail cars and ship holds to prevent rain/splash from affecting stockpiles en route. Real-time data logs track conditions under the tarps.
- Climate-controlled silos: At processing facilities, sealed concrete or metal silos precisely regulate moisture through temperature and ventilation controls. Sand remains stockpiled for months at consistent moisture until ready for specific end uses.
- Rotary dryers: For applications requiring very low moisture like frac sand, mined sand may pass through indirect or direct rotary dryers employing heat and low pressure to remove excess moisture in a continuous process.
- Moisture meters: Regular testing with instruments like dielectric/infrared meters ensures moisture levels stay uniformly within specifications throughout the supply chain to different industrial clients.
- Careful moisture control allows consistent, high-quality performance of silica sand across its many valuable industrial applications.
Considerations and conclusion:
- During long-distance sea voyages, silica sand may gain or lose moisture depending on environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature.
- Proper packaging, such as moisture-resistant bags or containers, can help maintain the desired moisture levels during transportation.
- Regular testing and monitoring of moisture content are essential to ensure the sand meets the required specifications for each industry.
- Drying or rewetting processes may be necessary to adjust the moisture levels before the sand is used in various applications.
If your industry utilizes silica sand in bulk quantities, we aim to be your reliable supplier.
With years of experience in mining, processing and transporting this versatile mineral, we’ll be sure to advise on the most effective way to get to the desired moisture levels upon delivery. We can provide consistent bulk deliveries customized to your specific technical specifications and volume needs.
Whether your application is in construction, hydraulic fracturing or manufacturing, we have the capacity and expertise to be a strategic long-term partner. Fill in our contact form and we’ll be in touch to discuss how we can consistently deliver high-quality silica sand with the right moisture properties for your operations.
